There are two major reasons for using distributed systems and distributed computing. First, the nature of the application may need the employment of a communication network that connects several PCs.
As an example, info is produced in one physical location and it is required in another location. 2nd , there are several cases in which the use of a single PC would be possible in theory, but the use of a distributed system is favorable for real reasons. As an example, it could be more cost-efficient to get the required level of performance by employing a cluster of a few low-end PCs, compared with a single top of the range PC.